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Incineration

Incineration is one of the waste management technique  and disposal method to treat waste materials. Combustion of waste in the presence of oxygen is carried out by thermal treatment process. The waste is then converted into water vapour, carbon dioxide and ash, with he help of incineration treatment the quantity of waste products or garbage can be reduced significantly.

There are many benefits, positives and pros of this incineration process but some drawbacks, cons, negative impacts and downside are equally present. Related Post on Advantages and Disadvantages of Recycling

Advantages of Incineration

  1. The volume and weight of the waste can be reduced significantly by incineration
  2. The treatment or the process of incinertion is quick.
  3. Incinertion method is suitable for almost all types of waste.
  4. Using incineration process, large quantity of waste can be treated.
  5. During incineration there is possibility or chances to recover metals for reusing and recycling. 
  6. One of the effective technique for waste disposal.
  7. Incineration is also used to treat organic waste or hazardous materials.
  8. Incineration also helps to reduce the amount of waste send to landfills.
  9. Incineration helps to save energy, reduces emission of greenhouse gas and prevents pollution.
  10. Little land is required and the waste could also be used as a fuel.

Disadvantages of Incinertion

  1. High construction cost or high investment is required.
  2. Incineration process produces ashes and other polluting residuals.
  3. Skilled staff, fuel and electricity is required to carry out incineration effectively.
  4. Sometimes it adds toxic gases or chemicals into the atmosphere.
  5. The incinerators used are very costly. The technology of incineration is expensive compared to landfill method.

Types of Incinerator

  1. Burn Pile
  2. Burn barrel
  3. Moving grate
  4. Fixed Grate
  5. Rotary-kiln
  6. Fluidized Bed
  7. Specialized incinertion
  8. Liquid Injection

 

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Benefits of Recycling

Recycling is a process of waste management in which waste materials of plastic, paper, metal, aluminium, glass etc., are collected and are used to make new products. Recycling helps to protect the environment and saves energy and resources. 

Plastic Recycling

Plastic Recycling: It is very important to recycle plastic to save consumption of energy and natural resources. Different types of plastic products or plastic materials such as plastic bags, plastic bottles are used daily which affects environment. There are various beneftis of recycling plastic along with some drawbacks of recycled plastic. You might also like Advantages and disadvantages of recycling.

How Recycling Saves Energy?

When we manufacture new products from virgin materials, more energy is consumed. Other natural resources such as fossil fuels (Oil , Petroleum, Natural gas, Coal) are also used during manufacturing of products. But when we make products out of recycled materials we can reduce the use of energy sources. The steps in the process of manufacturing of recycled product is reduced which helps to save energy. Find out more about advantages and disadvantages of recycling.

Metals Recycling

Recycling of metals such as copper, aluminium etc., is required to protect earth and environment. It also saves energy and natural resources. Along with benefits there are some drawbacks of recycling metals. 

What are environmental benefits of Recycling ?

There are several environmental benefits of recycling. Let us check it out some of the points of recycling to know more about recycling.

The process of recycling helps to reduces noxious waste in landfills. Recycling also helps to promote environments sustainability. By this entire process it is possible to diminish the demands of raw materials. Ecological degradation can also be prevented by the process of recycling, 

Process Validation stages continued process verification

Third stages in Process Validation is Continued Process Verification, Some points in process validation during continued process verification are as follows, So let us see one by one all the points:

The main goal of continued process verification in process validation is to ensure that the process remains in a state of control during manufacturing of commercial products.

The data is collected and evaluated in order to determine process variability.

Process Validation - Types

Process Validation points - Some types of process validation are as follows. So let us see types of the process validation one by one to know more about process validation.

Prospective process validation

Retrospective process validation

Concurrent process validation

Revalidation

Prospective process validation: "Documented evidence - Validation carried out based on the pre-planned protocol"

Retrospective process validation: "Documented evidence - Validation carried out based on the analysis and review of the historical data"

Process Validation Stages process qualification

During Process validation: The second stage is process qualification Some of the points which are discussed during process qualification are as follows , so let us check it out points one by one.:

The main aim of process qualification is to determine whether the process which is designed is capable of reproducible commercial manufacture or not.

Design of the utility and the qualification of the equipment are taken into account during process qualification.

Process performance qualification in this stage.

Process Validation Stages process qualification protocol

During Process Validation the protocol of process qualification is also prepared, following are some of the points which are included into protocol of process qualification, so let us check it out some points:

The manufacturing condition including processing limits, the operating parameters as well as the components used such as raw materials are included in protocol.

The sampling plan with complete details of the number of sampling points, frequency of sampling of each unit are to be mentioned in protocol.